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"El manisero", known in English as "The Peanut Vendor", is a Cuban son-pregón composed by Moisés Simons. Together with "Guantanamera", it is arguably the most famous piece of music created by a Cuban musician.〔Giro, Radamés 2007. ''Diccionario enciclopédico de la música en Cuba''. La Habana. vol 4, p147〕 "The Peanut Vendor" has been recorded more than 160 times,〔Listed in Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal 1988. ''Si te quieres por el pico divertir: historia del pregón musical latinoamericano''. Cubanacan, San Juan P.R. p317–322. (fairly complete up to 1988 )〕 sold over a million copies of the sheet music, and was the first million-selling 78 rpm single of Cuban music. ==History== The score and lyrics of "El manisero" were by Moises Simons (1889–1945),〔Orovio, Helio 2004. ''Cuban music from A to Z''. p202〕 the Cuban son of a Basque musician. It sold over a million copies of sheet music for E.B. Marks Inc., and this netted $100,000 in royalties for Simons by 1943.〔Simons' own account: see Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal 1988. ''Si te quieres por el pico divertir: historia del pregón musical latinoamericano''. Cubanacan, San Juan P.R. p238〕〔Sublette, Ned 2004. ''Cuba and its music: from the first drums to the mambo''. Chicago. Chapter 17, p399.〕 Its success led to a 'rumba craze' in the US and Europe which lasted through the 1940s. The consequences of the Peanut Vendor's success were quite far-reaching. The number was first sung and recorded by the vedette Rita Montaner in 1927 or 1928 for Columbia Records.〔Probably the latter date: the issue cannot be resolved from surviving records. Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal 1988. ''Si te quieres por el pico divertir: historia del pregón musical latinoamericano''. Cubanacan, San Juan P.R. p235〕 The biggest record sales for "El manisero" came from the recording made by Don Azpiazú and his Havana Casino Orchestra in New York in 1930 for Victor Records. The band included a number of star musicians such as Julio Cueva (trumpet) and Mario Bauza (saxophone); Antonio Machín was the singer.〔 There seems to be no authoritative account of the number of 78 rpm records of this recording sold by Victor; but it seems likely that the number would have exceeded the sheet music sales, making it the first million-selling record of Cuban (or even Latin) music.〔1931 in music#Top hits on record. Helio Orovio, in ''Cuban music from A to Z'' (2004 translation, p36, top) describes it as "selling a million copies for the RCA Victor label"; Don Azpiazú's son Raul suggested it sold 5–10 million copies: liner notes to ''Harlequin'' HQ CD 10 ''Don Azpiazu''. However, this is not definitive, and the text is more reserved.〕 The lyrics were in a style based on street vendors' cries, a pregón; and the rhythm was a son, so technically this was a ''son-pregón''. On the record label, however, it was called a ''rhumba-fox trot'', not only the wrong genre, but misspelled as well.〔perhaps to represent the Spanish pronunciation of 'u'.〕 After this, the term rhumba was used as a general label for Cuban music, as salsa is today, because the numerous Cuban terms were not understood abroad. Rhumba was easy to say and remember. On the published score both music and lyrics are attributed to Simons, though there is a persistent story that they were written by Gonzalo G. de Mello in Havana the night before Montaner was due to record it in New York. Cristóbal Díaz says "For various reasons, we have doubts about this version... 'El manisero' was one of those rare cases in popular music where an author got immediate and substantial financial benefits... logically Mello would have tried to reclaim his authorship of the lyrics, but that did not occur." 〔Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal 1988. ''Si te quieres por el pico divertir: historia del pregón musical latinoamericano''. Cubanacan, San Juan P.R. p238 (transl. by contributor )〕 The second attack on the authorship of the lyrics came from none other than the great Fernando Ortíz. For Ortíz, the true author was an unknown Havana peanut seller, of the second half of the 19th century, who served as the basis for a danza written by Gottschalk.〔Ortiz, Fernando 1954. In ''Revista Bohemia'', March 14.〕 Of course, it may well be that elements of the song were to be found in real life. The English lyrics are by L. Wolfe Gilbert and Marion Sunshine; the latter was Azpiazú's sister-in-law, who toured with the band in the U.S.A. as singer. The English lyrics are, in the opinion of Sublette, of almost unsurpassed banality.〔Sublette, Ned 2004. ''Cuba and its music: from the first drums to the mambo''. Chicago. Chapter 17, p398.〕 "The Peanut Vendor" had a second life as a hit number when Stan Kenton recorded it with his big band for Capitol Records, in 1947. This was also a great and long-lasting hit, re-recorded by Kenton twice with the band, and played by him later in life as a piano solo. The Kenton version was entirely instrumental, with the rhythmic pattern emphasised by trombones. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Peanut Vendor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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